Cardiology & Respiratory MCQs

Pediatrics · 5 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A 6-week-old infant presents with poor feeding, excessive sweating during feeds, and tachypnea. On examination, heart rate is 180/min, respiratory rate is 60/min, and the liver is palpable 4 cm below the costal margin. A loud pansystolic murmur is heard at the left lower sternal border. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cardiac defect?
2. A 3-year-old child with known Tetralogy of Fallot is found squatting in the garden after exertion. His mother reports episodic deep cyanosis and unconsciousness lasting a few minutes, especially in the mornings. What is the immediate management of one of these acute cyanotic spells?
3. A 2-year-old child is brought with a 2-day history of high fever followed by a barking cough, hoarse voice, and inspiratory stridor that worsens at night. There is no drooling or toxic appearance. Neck X-ray shows a 'steeple sign'. What is the causative organism?
4. A 10-month-old infant presents in winter with wheezing, tachypnea, and subcostal retractions for the first time. He has no prior history of asthma or atopy. On examination, there is prolonged expiration with widespread crepitations. Chest X-ray shows hyperinflation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
5. A cyanotic newborn is noted to have differential cyanosis — upper limbs are pink and lower limbs are cyanosed. Echocardiography confirms the diagnosis. Which congenital cardiac lesion best explains this finding?