Rhinitis, Nasal Septal Disorders and Congenital Anomalies MCQs

ENT · 24 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A neonate presents at birth with respiratory distress that worsens during feeding and improves with crying. Oral airway insertion relieves the distress. The most likely diagnosis is:
2. Rhinitis medicamentosa is a specific complication of prolonged use of which type of nasal preparation, and what is its pathophysiology?
3. Atrophic rhinitis (ozaena) is characterised by progressive atrophy of nasal mucosa with wide nasal cavities. The classic triad includes foul smell (which the patient is unaware of), crusting, and anosmia. The foul odour is caused by:
4. A neonate is diagnosed with bilateral choanal atresia presenting with cyclical cyanosis (cyanotic at rest, relieved by crying). The bony form accounts for what percentage, and what is the definitive treatment?
5. Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by prolonged use of which class of nasal drops, and what is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of rebound congestion?
6. The pathophysiology of rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion from prolonged use of topical decongestants) is best explained by:
7. Choanal atresia presenting as bilateral obstruction is a neonatal emergency. It presents as cyclic cyanosis — the newborn turns blue when crying. The explanation for this pattern is:
8. A neonate presents with respiratory distress and cyanosis that worsens during feeding but improves with crying. This presentation is characteristic of choanal atresia. The immediate management is:
9. Vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic rhinitis) is diagnosed in a patient with perennial rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. Skin prick tests and serum IgE are normal. The neural mechanism involves an imbalance characterized by:
10. A patient on long-term decongestant nasal drops (oxymetazoline) for 3 months presents with rebound nasal congestion that has become dependent on the drops. The pathophysiological mechanism of rhinitis medicamentosa involves:
11. A deviated nasal septum causing nasal obstruction has a high C-shaped deviation to the right. Submucous resection (SMR) is being compared to septoplasty. The main advantage of septoplasty over classical SMR is:
12. A neonate presents with respiratory distress at birth that worsens during feeding and improves with crying. Examination shows inability to pass a nasal catheter bilaterally. What is the embryological basis of this condition?
13. A 25-year-old presents with a saddle nose deformity, septal perforation, and positive c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA). Nasal biopsy shows necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis. What is the diagnosis and the MOST specific histological finding?
14. A neonate presents with cyclic respiratory distress: distress alternating with relief when the baby cries (opens the mouth). Distress worsens at rest and during feeding. The FIRST diagnostic step is:
15. A patient with perennial allergic rhinitis is treated with intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) and antihistamines. INCS are considered superior because they address which component that antihistamines do NOT?
16. A neonate presents at birth with respiratory distress and cyanosis relieved by crying. The diagnosis of bilateral choanal atresia is confirmed by failure to pass a 6 Fr catheter. Emergency management of the airway should be with:
17. In vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic, non-infectious rhinitis), the imbalance between which divisions of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for nasal congestion and watery rhinorrhoea?
18. A 30-year-old female presents with perennial nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing that are worse on exposure to cold air, perfume, and spicy food but she has negative skin prick tests and normal serum IgE. Nasal cytology shows absence of eosinophils. The most likely diagnosis is:
19. A neonate presents with respiratory distress at rest that improves with crying. Oro-pharyngeal airway examination shows a normal pharynx. The most likely diagnosis is:
20. A newborn presents with respiratory distress at rest that worsens during feeding and is relieved by crying. The infant has no nasal airway passage noted on each side by attempted passage of a 5F catheter. What is the diagnosis and embryological basis?
21. A neonate presents with respiratory distress at birth that worsens with feeding but improves with crying. Inability to pass a suction catheter through the nasal passages is noted. The most likely diagnosis is:
22. A neonate presents with cyanosis that worsens with feeding and improves with crying. There is no nasal airflow bilaterally. The diagnosis is bilateral choanal atresia. The embryological basis is failure of:
23. Allergic rhinitis — the 'united airway disease' concept links it to which lower airway condition, and the inflammatory cells shared by both are:
24. A newborn with bilateral choanal atresia presents with cyclic cyanosis that improves with crying. The immediate management is: