Fluids, Blood & Resuscitation MCQs

Anaesthesia · 6 free questions with answers & explanations.

1. A 70 kg patient undergoing major hepatic resection has received 3 L of normal saline over 4 hours. A repeat blood gas shows Na 145, Cl 115, HCO3 17, pH 7.30. What is the MOST likely type of metabolic acidosis present?
2. A patient with a haemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL is symptomatic with tachycardia and dyspnoea at rest. Based on standard transfusion triggers, what is the MOST appropriate transfusion decision?
3. In a patient with haemorrhagic shock following trauma, which initial resuscitation fluid strategy has been shown to improve outcomes compared with early crystalloid-predominant resuscitation?
4. Which of the following BEST describes the Starling forces that govern transcapillary fluid movement in the context of oedema formation after large-volume crystalloid infusion?
5. A 55-year-old man develops acute pulmonary oedema intraoperatively. ABG: pH 7.36, PaO2 58 on FiO2 0.6. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) is 28 mmHg. What type of pulmonary oedema is this, and what is the FIRST treatment priority?
6. During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the patient becomes severely hypothermic (28°C core temperature). Which acid-base management strategy maintains physiologically normal ionised pH at the actual body temperature during hypothermia?