In ATLS, a patient in Class III haemorrhagic shock has lost approximately what volume of blood, and what is the expected heart rate?

• A 750–1500 mL; HR 80–100 bpm
• B 2000–2500 mL; HR 120–140 bpm ✓
• C 1500–2000 mL; HR 100–120 bpm
• D >2500 mL; HR >140 bpm

Explanation

ATLS Class III haemorrhage: 30–40% blood volume loss (approximately 2000–2500 mL in a 70 kg adult), HR 120–140 bpm, BP decreased, markedly decreased pulse pressure, decreased urine output (5–15 mL/hr), and confused mental status. This class typically requires blood transfusion. Class II: 15–30%; Class IV: >40%. These thresholds are tested with both volume and HR pairings.

Reference: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 27th ed.

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