Which ATLS classification of hemorrhagic shock is characterized by a heart rate of 120–140 bpm, BP 90–100 mmHg systolic, decreased pulse pressure, urine output 5–15 mL/hr, and estimated blood loss of 1500–2000 mL?
- A Class III ✓
- B Class I
- C Class II
- D Class IV
Correct answer: A. Class III
Explanation
ATLS Class III hemorrhagic shock (estimated blood loss 30–40% circulating volume, approximately 1500–2000 mL in a 70 kg adult) is defined by: HR 120–140 bpm, BP 90–100 mmHg systolic, decreased pulse pressure, respiratory rate 30–40/min, urine output 5–15 mL/hr, and altered mental status (anxiety, confusion). Class II (750–1500 mL): HR 100–120, normal BP, decreased pulse pressure, UO 20–30 mL/hr. Class IV (>2000 mL, >40%): HR >140, very low BP, minimal UO, negligible/absent, lethargic/unconscious — requires immediate surgical hemorrhage control.
Reference: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 27th ed.
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