Which finding is considered the most characteristic facial feature supporting a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome?

• A Macrocephaly with frontal bossing
• B Micrognathia with low-set ears
• C Hypertelorism with downslanting palpebral fissures only
• D Smooth philtrum and thin upper lip with short palpebral fissures ✓

Explanation

The classic facial triad of fetal alcohol syndrome is short palpebral fissures, a smooth or flattened philtrum, and a thin upper vermilion border, reflecting midfacial hypoplasia from in-utero ethanol exposure. These three features are used in validated diagnostic criteria alongside growth retardation and CNS abnormalities. Macrocephaly is contrary to the microcephaly typical of fetal alcohol syndrome, and the other combinations are nonspecific.

Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.