Which of the following is classified as a Schneiderian first-rank symptom of schizophrenia?

• A Flattened affect
• B Audible thoughts (thought echo) ✓
• C Delusions of reference
• D Second-person auditory hallucinations

Explanation

Schneider's first-rank symptoms include audible thoughts, voices arguing or commenting, thought insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting, delusional perception, and made feelings or impulses. Thought echo, where the patient hears his own thoughts spoken aloud, is a classic first-rank symptom. Flattened affect is a negative symptom, delusions of reference are common but not first-rank, and second-person hallucinations lack the special status of running commentary or argumentative voices.

Reference: Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 12th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.