In protein-energy malnutrition, the key biochemical hallmark distinguishing Kwashiorkor from Marasmus is:

• A Kwashiorkor has elevated serum albumin while Marasmus has low albumin
• B Kwashiorkor has markedly low serum albumin causing edema; Marasmus has relatively preserved albumin ✓
• C Marasmus has hyperinsulinemia while Kwashiorkor has normal insulin levels
• D Both have identical biochemical profiles; distinction is purely anthropometric

Explanation

In Kwashiorkor, predominantly protein-deficient diet leads to markedly reduced serum albumin, causing decreased oncotic pressure and edema (the characteristic sign); fatty liver results from impaired lipoprotein synthesis. In Marasmus (balanced calorie-protein deficiency), the adaptive response preserves serum albumin relatively better. Both show reduced weight-for-age but Kwashiorkor is distinguished by edema, skin and hair changes.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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