Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of 'hidden hunger' in nutrition science?
- A Micronutrient deficiency (vitamins and minerals) in the absence of obvious clinical signs of deficiency ✓
- B Chronic energy deficiency with normal body weight (paradoxical obesity-malnutrition)
- C Protein-energy malnutrition presenting without oedema (kwashiorkor without oedema)
- D Hunger concealed by a household because of social stigma
Explanation
Hidden hunger refers to micronutrient deficiency — deficiency of vitamins (e.g., iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, iodine) at a subclinical level where classic clinical signs may be absent despite significant physiological impairment. It is 'hidden' because neither the individual nor the clinician may recognise the deficiency without laboratory testing, yet it contributes to impaired immunity, stunted growth, cognitive deficits, and increased mortality. Hidden hunger coexists with apparent normal caloric intake, which distinguishes it from PEM. India bears the highest global burden of hidden hunger with simultaneous iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies at scale.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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