A logistic regression model is used to analyse risk factors for pre-eclampsia. The adjusted odds ratio for nulliparity is 2.8 (95% CI: 1.6–4.9, p=0.0003). This means:
- A Nulliparous women have 2.8 times higher risk of pre-eclampsia, adjusted for other covariates, and the association is statistically significant ✓
- B Nulliparous women have 2.8 times lower risk of pre-eclampsia compared to multiparous women
- C 28% of pre-eclampsia cases are attributable to nulliparity
- D The relative risk of pre-eclampsia among nulliparous women is 2.8
Correct answer: A. Nulliparous women have 2.8 times higher risk of pre-eclampsia, adjusted for other covariates, and the association is statistically significant
Explanation
An adjusted OR of 2.8 means nulliparous women have 2.8 times higher odds of developing pre-eclampsia compared to multiparous women, after adjusting for other covariates in the model. The 95% CI (1.6–4.9) does not cross 1.0 and p=0.0003, confirming statistical significance. OR ≠ attributable fraction. In logistic regression with rare outcomes, OR approximates RR, but they are conceptually distinct measures.
Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.
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