The non-parametric equivalent of the independent samples t-test, used when data are not normally distributed, is:

• A Kruskal-Wallis test
• B Wilcoxon signed-rank test
• C Mann-Whitney U test ✓
• D Friedman test

Explanation

The Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) is the non-parametric equivalent of the independent samples t-test, used to compare two independent groups when data are non-normal or ordinal. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the non-parametric equivalent of the paired t-test. Kruskal-Wallis is the non-parametric equivalent of one-way ANOVA; Friedman test is the non-parametric equivalent of repeated-measures ANOVA.

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 27th ed.

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