On a left ventricular pressure-volume loop, an increase in afterload with constant preload and contractility would cause which of the following changes?

• A Widening of the loop
• B Increased end-systolic volume ✓
• C Decreased end-diastolic volume
• D Increased stroke volume

Explanation

Increased afterload means the ventricle must generate higher pressure to open the aortic valve. This reduces the amount of blood ejected, increasing end-systolic volume. End-diastolic volume remains unchanged if preload is constant. Stroke volume decreases, not increases.

Reference: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 26th ed.

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