Pharmacology · Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

A 22-year-old woman presents with severe salicylate overdose. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is administered as part of management. The mechanism by which this enhances salicylate elimination is:

  • A Increasing glomerular filtration rate
  • B Competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion
  • C Ion trapping of salicylate in alkaline urine, reducing tubular reabsorption
  • D Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes metabolizing salicylate
Correct answer: C. Ion trapping of salicylate in alkaline urine, reducing tubular reabsorption

Explanation

Salicylate is a weak acid. Alkalinizing urine with sodium bicarbonate converts it to its ionized form, which cannot cross lipid membranes and is trapped in the tubular lumen, enhancing renal excretion. This ion-trapping mechanism does not rely on GFR changes, competitive secretion inhibition, or enzyme induction. Urine pH above 7.5 significantly increases salicylate clearance.

Reference: Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 15th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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