A 7-year-old girl presents with gross hematuria, oliguria, periorbital edema, and hypertension following a sore throat 2 weeks ago. Investigations show C3 complement decreased, elevated ASO titer, and RBC casts in urine. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?
- A IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
- B Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
- C Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ✓
- D Alport syndrome
Correct answer: C. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Explanation
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) follows pharyngitis (2 weeks) or skin infection (3-6 weeks) with nephritogenic strains of Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The nephritic syndrome triad of hematuria, hypertension, and edema with oligo-anuria, combined with low C3 and elevated ASO titer, confirms the diagnosis. RBC casts indicate glomerular inflammation. PSGN is self-limiting in >95% of children; treatment is supportive with antihypertensives and diuretics.
Reference: Ghai Essential Pediatrics, 10th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.