A term neonate born by elective cesarean section at 38 weeks develops tachypnoea of 80 per minute at 2 hours of life with mild retractions and minimal cyanosis. He requires only 25% supplemental oxygen. Chest X-ray shows prominent perihilar vascular markings, small pleural effusions along the interlobar fissures, and mild overaeration. Symptoms resolve completely by 48 hours. What is the diagnosis?
- A Transient tachypnoea of the newborn ✓
- B Respiratory distress syndrome
- C Meconium aspiration syndrome
- D Congenital pneumonia
Correct answer: A. Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Explanation
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn results from delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid, classically after cesarean delivery without labour. The radiograph shows prominent perihilar streaks, fluid in the interlobar fissures, and mild hyperinflation with a normal sized heart, unlike the ground glass appearance and low volumes of respiratory distress syndrome. The benign course with resolution within 72 hours confirms the diagnosis and separates it from pneumonia or meconium aspiration.
Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.