A term neonate born by elective cesarean section without prior labor develops tachypnea (respiratory rate 70/min) and mild retractions within the first hour of life. Chest X-ray shows prominent perihilar vascular markings and fluid in the horizontal fissure. The condition is most likely self-limited. What is the underlying mechanism?

• A Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant
• B Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
• C Aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid
• D Delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid ✓

Explanation

This is transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), caused by delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid, classically seen after elective cesarean section without labor. Surfactant deficiency causes RDS. Meconium aspiration requires meconium-stained fluid and post-term status. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a complication of mechanical ventilation.

Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.