A term baby born by elective caesarean section at 38 weeks develops tachypnoea of 80 per minute at 1 hour of age. There is mild retractions but no cyanosis on room air. Chest X-ray shows prominent perihilar vascular markings, fluid in the minor fissure, and a small pleural effusion with normal lung volumes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A Respiratory distress syndrome
- B Transient tachypnoea of the newborn ✓
- C Meconium aspiration syndrome
- D Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Correct answer: B. Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Explanation
Transient tachypnoea results from delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid and is classically seen after caesarean delivery, which bypasses the catecholamine surge and thoracic squeeze of vaginal birth. Radiographic findings of perihilar streaking, fissure fluid, and small effusions with normal volumes resolve within 72 hours. Respiratory distress syndrome shows ground glass opacification with low lung volumes in a preterm baby, and meconium aspiration shows coarse patchy infiltrates with hyperinflation.
Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.