A 30-month-old child has no meaningful speech, does not point to share interest, avoids eye contact, and lines up toys repetitively rather than engaging in pretend play. Which developmental domain is PRIMARILY affected?
- A Social communication and language development (autism spectrum) ✓
- B Fine motor development
- C Gross motor development
- D Adaptive (self-care) development
Correct answer: A. Social communication and language development (autism spectrum)
Explanation
This child's presentation is consistent with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Absent joint attention (pointing to share), impaired eye contact, no functional language by 24 months, and repetitive behaviors are the core diagnostic features per DSM-5. Screening with M-CHAT-R is recommended at 18 and 24 months, and early intensive behavioral intervention (ABA) improves outcomes.
Reference: Ghai Essential Pediatrics, 10th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.