Temporal (giant cell) arteritis most commonly involves which artery, and which vessel-associated risk is most feared as a complication?
- A Superficial temporal artery and ophthalmic artery; ischemic optic neuropathy leading to blindness ✓
- B Renal artery; renal failure from fibrinoid necrosis
- C Femoral artery; critical limb ischemia requiring amputation
- D Pulmonary artery; pulmonary hypertension
Correct answer: A. Superficial temporal artery and ophthalmic artery; ischemic optic neuropathy leading to blindness
Explanation
Giant cell (temporal) arteritis typically involves branches of the external carotid artery, especially the superficial temporal artery (causing temporal headache, jaw claudication, and temporal artery tenderness). The most feared complication is ischemic optic neuropathy due to involvement of the posterior ciliary and ophthalmic arteries, potentially causing irreversible blindness. This is why prompt corticosteroid therapy is essential when GCA is suspected. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is markedly elevated.
Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.