Autologous cancellous bone graft is considered the gold standard for treating established non-union because it uniquely possesses which combination of biological properties?

• A Osteoconduction and mechanical strength only
• B Osteoinduction and immediate load-bearing capacity
• C Osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction ✓
• D Osteogenesis and radio-opacity for monitoring

Explanation

Cancellous autograft supplies viable osteogenic cells from surviving osteoblasts, osteoinductive growth factors such as BMPs released from the matrix, and an osteoconductive scaffold of trabeculae, making it the benchmark against which substitutes are judged. Cortical grafts provide primarily structural support and osteoconduction with few surviving cells, so they lack meaningful osteogenic potential. Allografts are osteoconductive and partly inductive but not osteogenic.

Reference: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 14th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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