Which bone graft material possesses ALL three biological properties required for bone healing: osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction?
- A Freeze-dried cancellous allograft
- B Demineralised bone matrix
- C Autologous cancellous bone graft ✓
- D Hydroxyapatite ceramic substitute
Correct answer: C. Autologous cancellous bone graft
Explanation
Autologous cancellous graft remains the gold standard because living osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells give osteogenesis, growth factors give osteoinduction, and its porous scaffold gives osteoconduction. Allografts and demineralised bone matrix lack viable cells and so provide conduction and induction but not osteogenesis. Ceramics are purely osteoconductive scaffolds. This triad classification is a frequently examined basic science point.
Reference: Miller's Review of Orthopaedics, 8th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.