The Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis for limb lengthening is based on which biological principle?
- A Tension-stress effect: gradual controlled traction on living tissues stimulates active growth and regeneration ✓
- B Periosteal stripping and cortical allograft interposition stimulates bone formation
- C Vascular pedicle transposition creates an osteogenic environment promoting endochondral ossification
- D Electromagnetic field stimulation across the osteotomy site accelerates callus formation
Correct answer: A. Tension-stress effect: gradual controlled traction on living tissues stimulates active growth and regeneration
Explanation
Ilizarov's fundamental biological principle is the tension-stress law: slow, steady, controlled mechanical tension applied to living tissues stimulates active regenerative processes in all tissue types, including bone, muscle, fascia, nerves, and vessels. Corticotomy (low-energy bone division) followed by a latency period and gradual distraction at 1 mm/day in four increments produces a regenerate bone column in the distraction gap. This is distinct from allograft, vascular pedicles, or electromagnetic stimulation.
Reference: Maheshwari Essential Orthopaedics, 6th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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