Which type of astigmatism has both focal lines on the same side (anterior or posterior) of the retina?

• A Mixed astigmatism
• B Compound myopic or compound hypermetropic astigmatism ✓
• C Simple myopic astigmatism
• D Simple hypermetropic astigmatism

Explanation

In compound myopic astigmatism, both focal lines fall anterior to the retina; in compound hypermetropic astigmatism, both focal lines fall posterior to the retina. In simple myopic or simple hypermetropic astigmatism, one focal line is on the retina and the other is anterior or posterior respectively. In mixed astigmatism, one focal line falls anterior and one falls posterior to the retina. Both focal lines on the same side (compound) indicates compound myopic or compound hypermetropic astigmatism.

Reference: Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 7th ed.

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