The Frisen scale (grades 0–5) is used to document severity of which ophthalmological sign?

• A Papilloedema (optic disc swelling from raised intracranial pressure) ✓
• B Optic disc pallor in optic atrophy
• C Relative afferent pupillary defect magnitude
• D Macular star in hypertensive retinopathy

Explanation

The Frisen grading scale (0–5) is the standardised system for grading papilloedema severity. Grade 0 = normal disc; Grade 1 = C-shaped peripapillary haze obscuring nasal disc margin; Grade 2 = complete rim blurring; Grade 3 = full rim elevation with obscuration of one or more vessels at disc margin; Grade 4 = total rim elevation with obscured vessels; Grade 5 = dome-shaped protrusion with total disc obscuration. This scale is clinically used in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) to track response to acetazolamide, weight loss, or surgical CSF diversion. The NORDIC IIH Treatment Trial used Frisen grade as a primary outcome.

Reference: Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 7th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.