Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) following extracapsular cataract extraction is caused primarily by:

• A Fibrin deposition on the IOL surface from post-operative inflammation
• B Ingrowth of vitreous cells through a small posterior capsule defect
• C Calcification of the IOL optic in silicone or acrylic material
• D Migration and proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (especially from the equatorial region/lens bow) onto the posterior capsule ✓

Explanation

PCO (secondary cataract) results from the migration of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) — primarily equatorial/germinal cells (E-cells) — across the posterior capsule after cataract surgery. These cells undergo fibroblast-like transformation (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) producing collagen matrix and fibrous plaques (Elschnig's pearls, Soemmering's ring). IOL material (square-edge hydrophobic acrylic) reduces PCO by acting as a barrier to LEC migration. Nd:YAG capsulotomy is the treatment.

Reference: Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 7th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.