Primary congenital glaucoma (buphthalmos) is caused by trabecular dysgenesis. The pathognomonic triad includes which set of features?
- A Exophthalmos, high IOP, optic disc cupping
- B Epiphora, blepharospasm, and photophobia in a neonate or infant ✓
- C Iris neovascularization, optic atrophy, high IOP
- D Lens subluxation, buphthalmos, photophobia
Correct answer: B. Epiphora, blepharospasm, and photophobia in a neonate or infant
Explanation
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) presents classically with the triad of epiphora (tearing), photophobia, and blepharospasm in a newborn to 3-year-old child. These symptoms result from corneal epithelial edema and Descemet's membrane rupture (Haab's striae) due to elevated IOP. Buphthalmos (large eye) develops because the infant's sclera is distensible under high IOP. The definitive treatment is surgical (goniotomy or trabeculotomy), not medical. IOP elevation and disc cupping are associated findings, not the defining clinical triad.
Reference: Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 7th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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