In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial, combined estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy was associated with an increased risk of which outcome compared to placebo?
- A Colorectal cancer
- B Breast cancer and cardiovascular events ✓
- C Hip fracture
- D Endometrial carcinoma
Correct answer: B. Breast cancer and cardiovascular events
Explanation
The WHI trial (2002) showed that combined estrogen-progestogen HRT increased risks of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism compared to placebo. It reduced colorectal cancer and hip fracture risk. The breast cancer finding led to significant reduction in HRT use worldwide. Endometrial cancer risk is not increased with combined HRT (progestogen protects the endometrium).
Reference: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology, 17th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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