A couple is investigated for infertility. Semen analysis shows: volume 2.5 mL, total count 10 million/mL, motility 30% (progressive), morphology 2% (Kruger strict criteria). What is the correct terminology for this semen analysis?

• A Oligozoospermia only
• B Asthenoteratozoospermia
• C Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT syndrome) ✓
• D Normal semen analysis by WHO 2021 criteria

Explanation

By WHO 2021 (and 2010) reference values, normal semen parameters are: total motility >42%, progressive motility >30%, normal morphology >4% (Kruger strict), concentration >16 million/mL. This sample has reduced concentration (<16 million = oligozoospermia), borderline progressive motility (30% is at the lower reference limit), and reduced morphology (<4% = teratozoospermia). The combination of all three abnormalities — oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia — is termed OAT syndrome (Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia).

Reference: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology, 17th ed.

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