A 40-year-old woman with known endometriosis presents with a newly diagnosed 6 cm complex ovarian mass with solid components and papillary projections on ultrasound. CA-125 is 180 U/mL. Which histological subtype of ovarian cancer is most strongly associated with endometriosis?
- A High-grade serous carcinoma
- B Mucinous carcinoma
- C Clear cell carcinoma ✓
- D Brenner tumour
Correct answer: C. Clear cell carcinoma
Explanation
Endometriosis is a recognized risk factor for clear cell and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. Clear cell carcinoma has the strongest epidemiological association with endometriosis, with studies showing that women with endometriosis have a two- to three-fold increased risk of developing this subtype. The estimated lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women with endometriosis is approximately 1 to 2 percent.
Reference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
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