Which of the following factors is associated with a DECREASED risk of developing Type I endometrial carcinoma?

• A Late menopause
• B Nulliparity
• C Early menarche
• D Combined oral contraceptive use ✓

Explanation

Combined oral contraceptives reduce endometrial cancer risk by roughly 50 percent, with protection persisting for 10 to 20 years after cessation, because progestin opposes estrogen-driven proliferation. Nulliparity, early menarche and late menopause all increase lifetime estrogen exposure without opposing progestin and therefore raise risk. Multiparity and cigarette smoking are also protective, while obesity, diabetes and hypertension cluster as risk factors.

Reference: Williams Gynecology, 4th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.