HIV replication cycle: after the viral RNA is reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA, which step allows the viral DNA to be stably maintained in the host cell genome?

• A Viral RNA is directly translated by host ribosomes
• B Viral protease cleaves the proviral precursor proteins
• C gp41 mediates membrane fusion allowing entry into the nucleus
• D Viral integrase inserts the viral dsDNA into the host chromosome ✓

Explanation

After reverse transcription of HIV genomic RNA into double-stranded DNA by reverse transcriptase, the resulting pre-integration complex is transported to the nucleus where viral integrase catalyzes the insertion of the viral dsDNA into the host chromosome, forming the provirus. This integrated provirus is the hallmark of retroviral persistence and is maintained for the life of the infected cell and its progeny. Integrase inhibitors (raltegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir) block this step and are key components of modern ART regimens.

Reference: Ananthanarayan & Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology, 11th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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