Microbiology · Syndromic Diagnosis (CNS, Bloodstream, Respiratory, GI Infection Work-up)

A 70-year-old man with a urinary catheter for 5 days develops fever and rigors. Blood cultures ×2 grow Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid, oxidase positive, grape-like odour, produces pyocyanin). Disc diffusion shows resistance to piperacillin, imipenem, and gentamicin; sensitive only to colistin (polymyxin E) and ceftazidime-avibactam. What resistance mechanism would explain combined imipenem and piperacillin resistance in P. aeruginosa?

  • A Acquisition of KPC (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase); common in P. aeruginosa causing multi-drug resistance
  • B Loss of OprD (outer membrane porin D) reduces imipenem uptake; overexpression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump expels piperacillin/tazobactam; together these confer combined carbapenem + anti-pseudomonal penicillin resistance without carbapenemase production
  • C Plasmid-mediated ESBL production hydrolyses both imipenem and piperacillin equally
  • D Biofilm formation physically prevents all antibiotics from reaching bacteria, explaining pan-resistance
Correct answer: B. Loss of OprD (outer membrane porin D) reduces imipenem uptake; overexpression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump expels piperacillin/tazobactam; together these confer combined carbapenem + anti-pseudomonal penicillin resistance without carbapenemase production

Explanation

P. aeruginosa has multiple intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms operating simultaneously. OprD is an outer membrane protein that specifically allows carbapenem (particularly imipenem) entry; loss of OprD by mutation selectively raises imipenem MIC. MexAB-OprM is a constitutive efflux pump overexpressed in many resistant strains that expels penicillins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems. Together these two mechanisms (porin loss + efflux overexpression) commonly produce imipenem + piperacillin co-resistance without requiring carbapenemase production. KPC is predominantly found in Klebsiella, not P. aeruginosa (NDM/VIM are the common MBLs in Pseudomonas). ESBLs do not hydrolyse carbapenems. Biofilm is clinically important but does not explain the molecular disc-diffusion pattern.

Reference: Ananthanarayan & Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology, 11th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

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