Annual screening for diabetic kidney disease in a patient with type 2 diabetes uses which threshold on a random spot urine sample to define microalbuminuria (moderately increased albuminuria)?
- A Albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g ✓
- B Albumin-to-creatinine ratio above 300 mg/g
- C Protein-to-creatinine ratio of 150 to 500 mg/g
- D Urinary albumin excretion above 500 mg/day
Correct answer: A. Albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g
Explanation
Moderately increased albuminuria corresponds to 30 to 300 mg/day, expressed on a spot sample as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g; two of three samples abnormal within 3 to 6 months confirm the diagnosis. A ratio persistently above 300 mg/g defines severely increased albuminuria (macroalbuminuria). Screening begins at diagnosis in type 2 diabetes and 5 years after onset in type 1 diabetes, then annually.
Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.