The five classical stages of outdoor human decomposition in forensic entomology are, in correct sequential order:

• A Fresh → Bloat → Active decay → Putrefaction → Skeletonisation
• B Fresh → Putrefaction → Bloat → Advanced decay → Dry
• C Fresh → Bloat → Active decay → Advanced decay → Dry/skeletal ✓
• D Rigor → Bloat → Active decay → Advanced decay → Mummification

Explanation

The five universally accepted stages are: 1) Fresh (no visible decomposition, early insect arrival); 2) Bloat (anaerobic bacterial gas accumulation, skin discolouration, skin-slip); 3) Active decay (mass tissue loss, heaviest insect activity); 4) Advanced decay (most soft tissue gone, soil nutrient enrichment); 5) Dry/skeletal stage (only bone, hair, and cartilage remain). 'Putrefaction' is part of the bloat-to-active-decay continuum, not a discrete independent stage. Mummification is an alternative pathway under arid conditions.

Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.