In internal ballistics, which factor has the greatest influence on the muzzle velocity of a projectile?

• A Amount and nature of the propellant charge ✓
• B Length and rifling characteristics of the barrel
• C Density of the target tissue
• D Shape of the bullet tip

Explanation

Internal ballistics covers events inside the weapon from firing pin strike until the projectile leaves the muzzle. Muzzle velocity depends chiefly on the quantity and burning characteristics of the propellant, since gas generated by combustion provides the accelerating force. Barrel length modifies velocity secondarily by allowing more complete gas expansion. Target tissue density belongs to terminal ballistics, and tip shape affects terminal behaviour, not muzzle velocity.

Reference: Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 7th ed.

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