In hanging, death results from compression of neck structures by the ligature. What is the approximate least weight required to occlude the JUGULAR VEINS?

• A 30 kg
• B 15 kg
• C 5 kg
• D 2 kg ✓

Explanation

The jugular veins are thin-walled and are occluded by as little as 2 kg of force. The carotid arteries require about 5 kg and the trachea about 15 kg. This explains why even incomplete or partial hanging kills: cerebral venous congestion and anoxia occur long before the airway is compressed, so full body weight suspension is never necessary. The 15 kg figure applies to the trachea, which is the most tempting distractor.

Reference: Knight's Forensic Pathology, 4th ed.

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