In smothering, postmortem findings are predominantly non-specific. Which of the following represents a finding SPECIFIC to smothering rather than being common to all asphyxial deaths?
- A Petechial haemorrhages in conjunctiva and sclera
- B Congestion and cyanosis of face
- C Abrasions, contusions or fibres around the mouth and nostrils ✓
- D Pulmonary oedema
Correct answer: C. Abrasions, contusions or fibres around the mouth and nostrils
Explanation
Petechiae, congestion, cyanosis and pulmonary oedema are non-specific features of asphyxia occurring in hanging, strangulation, drowning and smothering alike. In smothering, direct occlusion of the external air passages by a hand or object can leave abrasions/bruises around the lips and nostrils, torn frenulum, fibres/foreign material in the mouth or nostrils, and occasionally bruising of inner lips from teeth, which are more specific to smothering. In infants (SIDS vs. smothering) these perioral marks are critical.
Reference: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Narayan Reddy), 34th ed.
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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.