Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) staging by Andrews-Fisch classification: a tumor extending into the pterygopalatine fossa and orbit without intracranial extension is classified as:
- A Stage III ✓
- B Stage I
- C Stage II
- D Stage IV
Correct answer: A. Stage III
Explanation
In the Andrews-Fisch classification of JNA: Stage I = limited to nasopharynx/nasal cavity; Stage II = extension into paranasal sinuses (maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid) and pterygopalatine fossa; Stage III = infratemporal fossa, orbit, or parasellar (without intracranial); Stage IV = intracranial extension. Orbital extension with or without pterygopalatine fossa involvement places the tumor at Stage III. Preoperative embolization followed by surgery is standard for Stage I–III; Stage IV may require combined neurosurgical approach.
Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.