A 3-year-old child presents with acute onset drooling, muffled voice, high fever, and tripod positioning (sitting upright, leaning forward, neck extended). Which organism is the most common cause of this condition in unvaccinated children?
- A Streptococcus pneumoniae
- B Group A Streptococcus
- C Haemophilus influenzae type b ✓
- D Staphylococcus aureus
Correct answer: C. Haemophilus influenzae type b
Explanation
The presentation is classic acute epiglottitis. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was historically the most common cause. Since routine Hib vaccination, the epidemiology has shifted, with Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus now more common in vaccinated populations. However, in unvaccinated children, Hib remains the classic answer. Rigid bronchoscopy would be indicated for foreign body aspiration, not epiglottitis.
Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.