A 5-year-old child presents with snoring, witnessed apneas, and behavioral problems (hyperactivity, inattention). Overnight polysomnography shows an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 8/hour. The treatment of choice is:
- A CPAP therapy
- B Adenotonsillectomy ✓
- C Weight loss and sleep hygiene
- D Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
Correct answer: B. Adenotonsillectomy
Explanation
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is most commonly caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line surgical treatment and cures or significantly improves OSA in the majority of children. An AHI >5 in children with symptomatic disease warrants surgical intervention. CPAP is used when surgery fails or is contraindicated. UPPP is an adult procedure not applicable to children.
Reference: Dhingra Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 7th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.