The celiac trunk (axis) arises from the abdominal aorta at the T12-L1 level. Which specific branch of the celiac trunk anastomoses with the superior mesenteric artery through the pancreaticoduodenal arcades, providing a critical collateral when either vessel is obstructed?

• A Left gastric artery anastomosing with left colic artery
• B Gastroduodenal artery (from the common hepatic artery) → superior pancreaticoduodenal artery ↔ inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from SMA) ✓
• C Splenic artery anastomosing with inferior mesenteric artery
• D Right hepatic artery directly anastomosing with SMA

Explanation

The gastroduodenal artery (branch of common hepatic artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk) gives rise to the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (anterior and posterior). These anastomose with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from the SMA) forming the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. This is the primary collateral between the celiac axis and SMA territories. It is clinically relevant in SMA stenosis (chronic mesenteric ischemia), interventional radiology (endovascular celiac or SMA procedures), and pancreatic surgery (Whipple's procedure divides the gastroduodenal artery).

Reference: BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, 8th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.