Which is the LAST epiphysis to fuse in the upper limb, and at what approximate age?
- A Acromion of the scapula, fuses at 15 years
- B Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, fuses at 18 years
- C Medial (sternal) end of the clavicle, fuses at 22–25 years ✓
- D Head of the radius, fuses at 16 years
Correct answer: C. Medial (sternal) end of the clavicle, fuses at 22–25 years
Explanation
The medial end of the clavicle (sternal epiphysis) is the LAST secondary ossification center to appear (appears 15–18 years) and the last to fuse (fuses 22–25 years) in the entire body, making it the most valuable landmark for late adolescent/young adult age estimation on skeletal radiographs. This is forensically and clinically significant — fusion after age 22 confirms adult status. The distal femoral epiphysis is the first to appear prenatally.
Reference: BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, 8th ed.
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