Piriformis syndrome involves compression of which nerve as it exits through or below the piriformis muscle, and presents with pain radiating down the posterior thigh mimicking lumbar disc herniation?

• A Superior gluteal nerve
• B Inferior gluteal nerve
• C Sciatic nerve ✓
• D Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Explanation

Piriformis syndrome occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed by the piriformis muscle as it exits the greater sciatic foramen, typically between the piriformis and the superior gemellus. This produces pain and paresthesia along the sciatic nerve distribution (posterior thigh, leg, foot) — clinically mimicking lumbar disc herniation but without specific nerve root signs. Physical examination shows tenderness on deep palpation of the buttock and pain with passive internal rotation of the hip (stretching piriformis). In about 15% of individuals, the sciatic nerve passes through or above the piriformis (anatomical variant increasing susceptibility).

Reference: BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, 8th ed.

High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP

Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.