The atlanto-axial joint complex includes three synovial joints. The median atlanto-axial joint is stabilized against excessive anterior displacement of the atlas (and resultant odontoid compression of the cord) primarily by the:
- A Alar ligaments
- B Transverse ligament of the atlas ✓
- C Tectorial membrane
- D Apical dental ligament
Correct answer: B. Transverse ligament of the atlas
Explanation
The transverse ligament of the atlas is the principal stabiliser of the median atlanto-axial joint, holding the odontoid process (dens) against the anterior arch of C1. Rupture or laxity (as in rheumatoid arthritis, Down syndrome, or trauma) allows atlanto-axial subluxation and cord compression. The alar ligaments limit rotation and lateral flexion. The tectorial membrane is the superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament and provides secondary stability. The apical ligament is a vestigial structure with minimal mechanical function.
Reference: BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, 8th ed.
High-yield for: NEET PGINI-CETNExTFMGEUSMLEPLABMRCP
Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.