The superior thyroid artery, the first branch of the external carotid artery, descends to supply the thyroid gland. Which nerve runs with it and is at risk during thyroid surgery?

• A Recurrent laryngeal nerve
• B Internal laryngeal nerve
• C Superior cervical ganglion
• D External laryngeal nerve ✓

Explanation

The superior thyroid artery runs with the external laryngeal nerve (a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus) near the upper pole of the thyroid gland. During ligation of the superior thyroid vessels in thyroidectomy, the external laryngeal nerve can be injured, leading to loss of cricothyroid function and reduced ability to produce high-pitched voice. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is associated with the inferior thyroid artery.

Reference: Gray's Anatomy, 42nd ed.

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