The blood supply to the outer layers of the retina (photoreceptors and outer nuclear layer) is derived from which source, and why is this relevant in retinal detachment?

• A Central retinal artery branches; arterial occlusion selectively destroys the inner retina
• B Choriocapillaris of the choroid; retinal detachment separates photoreceptors from this nutritional source, causing rapid photoreceptor death ✓
• C Posterior ciliary arteries supplying the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers
• D Pial vessels on the optic nerve head supplying the nerve fiber layer

Explanation

The outer retina (photoreceptors, RPE, outer nuclear layer) is avascular and depends entirely on diffusion from the choriocapillaris of the choroid for its oxygen and nutrient supply. In retinal detachment, the neurosensory retina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), disrupting this metabolic exchange and causing rapid ischemic death of photoreceptors — explaining why macular-off detachments are surgical emergencies. The inner retina (ganglion cells, nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer) is supplied by the central retinal artery branches.

Reference: BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, 8th ed.

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Written and medically reviewed by the StethoPrep medical team.